(AC) joint injuries are common injuries of the shoulder girdle, and account for nearly half of all shoulder injuries among athletes involved in contact sports. There are varying levels of classification for an AC joint injury. The exact classification dictates the type of treatment. A majority of AC joint injuries can be treated non-operatively, but in severe cases of high-grade AC joint separation surgery is required. Many surgical techniques have been described to stabilize the AC joint, however, the outcome of many of these techniques report failure and complication rates. The purpose of this article is to review the important anatomy, biomechanical background, and clinical management of AC joint injuries.
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