Authors:

Nolte PC, Elrick BP, Millett PJ

Abstract:

This chapter discusses humeral avulsions of the glenohumeral ligament (HAGL) lesions, both anterior and posterior. While injuries of the anteroinferior glenoid labrum (Bankart lesions) and of the posteroinferior glenoid labrum (posterior Bankart lesions) are well-recognized, common injuries following traumatic shoulder dislocations and subluxations, HAGL, and posterior HAGL lesions are uncommon and less well-recognized. Although pathophysiology and associated risks are similar, injuries to the capsuloligamentous attachments on the humeral side of the shoulder joint have received less attention when compared to labral injuries. An anterior shoulder dislocation with avulsion of the anterior band of the inferior glenohumeral ligament (IGHL) was first described by Nicola as early as 1942, and it was not until 1995 that Wolf et al. established the term HAGL. Due to advancements in arthroscopy and improved imaging, anterior and posterior HAGL lesions have become increasingly recognized throughout the last decade, leading to a better understanding and treatment of these injuries.

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